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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


wm 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


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Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
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the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I — I    Covers  damaged/ 


D 
D 


Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicul6e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


□   Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


D 
D 
D 


D 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmdes. 


□   Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  peliicul6es 

I — I    PLges  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 


Pages  d6color6es,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 


j      I    Showthrough/ 


Transparence 


□    Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

I — I    includes  supplementary  material/ 


D 


Comprend  du  materiel  supplimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires: 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

r~ 

X 

^"^ 

1?X 

^■^^ 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

m 


niMte..  »mi*m-^.iism»*iimmmtmj>  m^t-^-^^ 


9 

Stalls 
B  du 
lodifier 
r  une 
Image 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thank* 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
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filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exemplaira  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  h  la 
ginArosit*  da: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  AtA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetA  de  I'examplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fllmage. 


as 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc..  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimto  sont  filmfo  en  commengant 
par  la  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'lllustration.  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autras  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commenqant  par  la 
premiAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dornlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
derniAre  image  de  chaque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE"  •' 
symbole  y  signifie  "FIN". 


le 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff6rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  11  est  fllm6  A  partir 
de  I'angie  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


errata 
I  to 


9  pelure, 
;on  d 


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t  2  3 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

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^'  Land  System  of  Dental  Practice. 


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Devoted  to  the  Art  of  Restoring  the  Dental  Organs 
to  their  Natural  Appearance. 


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COPYRIGHTED  1893,   BY  CHA8.  H.  LAND. 


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INTRODUCTION. 


a 


1 


I  IE  practical  application  of  porcelain  to  operative  and  median, 
ical  dentistry  is  not  possible  without  its  necessary  adjunct,  a 
thoroughly  reliable  gas  furnace;  and  this  must  be  so  arranged  that 
all  operations  are  reduced  to  the  minimum  cost  of  the  material  con- 
sumed and  labor  expended,  and  with  the  least  fatigue  both  to  the 
operator  and  his  patient. 

Twenty  years  experience  in  the  working  of  continuous  gum 
work,  sectional  block  and  crown  work,  and  six  years  constant  and 
daily  experience  in  inserting  of  porcelain  enamel  coats,  bridge 
work,  fillings,  etc.,  has  demonstrated  and  brought  out  so 
many  minor  details  that  in  order  to  comprehend  them  prop- 
erly, nothing  but  actual  practice  will  suffice  to  furnish 
anything  like  a  correct  idea  of  the  great  value  of  proper 
facilities;  and,  while  it  will  be  the  aim  of  the  author  to  simplify  the 
instructions,  the  fact  still  remains  that  no  matter  how  simple  the  art, 
there  are  always  some  features  that  need  actual  work.  A  very 
slight  oversight  on  the  part  of  the  most  careful  observer  may  cost 
hundreds  of  dollars,  where  a  little  actual  contact  would  save  it  all. 
A  close  inspection  of  any  art  reveals  truths  that  cannot  be  com- 
prehended at  a  distance;  therefore,  to  all  those  who  will  become 
interested,  a  week  spent  in  our  laboratory  will  be  of  ih-  sreatest 
value;  however,  as  there  are  a  large  number  in  the  profess! m  wha 
find  it  very  difficult  to  get  away  from  home,  we  have  decided  to  do 
all  that  is  possible  by  giving  a  series  of  illustrations  and  simple 
directions,  and  hope  by  this  means  to  establish  enough  facts  to  en- 
able them  to  make  a  beginning. 

Respectfully, 

C.  H,  LAND. 


ILLUSTRATED  EPITOME 


LAND    SYSTEM 


OP 


DENTAL    PI^AOTICE. 


WHAT  IT  IS  AND  WHAT  IT  MEANS. 


The  process  of  burnishing  metal  foil  into  the  cavity  of  a  decayed 
tooth  to  secure  an  impression,  and  then  melting  either  gold,  silver  or 
any  suitable  metal,  or  porcelain,  glass,  rubber,  etc.,  into  the  mould, 
to  form  a  solid  section  or  plug,  and  the  cementing  the  prepared  sec- 
tion into  the  cavity  or  amalgamating  it  into  the  cavity  of  a  decayed 
tooth  by  means  of  a  new  covihination  of  plastic  metal  that  is  ahao- 
lately  impervious  to  the  action  of  thefluiils  of  the  inotith.  Also  the 
forming  of  a  metal  jacket  or  overcoat  of  very  thin  metal  that  fits 
over  a  defective  tooth,  and  completely  envelopes  it,  and  placing 
thereon  a  thin  coat  and  a  veneer  of  porcelain,  and  then  placing  it  in 
the  muffle  of  a  furnace  and  melting  the  enamel  so  that  it  becomes 
united  to  the  prepared  jacket,  which,  when  finished,  forms  an 
enameled  cap.  It  is  then  filled  with  plastic  cement  and  pressed 
over  the  defective  tooth,  and  becomes  thoroughly  established,  thus 
restoring  the  defective  organ  so  that  it  is  not  only  useful  for  masti- 
cation, but  also  j)re8ents  the  exact  color  and  characteristic  appear- 
ance of  its  fellow  members. 

Also  the  building  up  of  the  roots  by  certain  methods  especially 
adapted  to  this  class  of  work.  A  particular  plan  of  first  lining  the 
cavity  of  the  tooth  with  an  adhesive  amalgam  previous  to  inserting 
fillings,  crowns,  etc.  Certain  forms  of  porcelain  veneers  and  porce- 
lain artificial  crowns,  to  bo  attached  to  the  roots  of  teeth.     Certain 


forms  of  gas  furnaces,  constructed  especially  for  the  oonyenient 
wse  of  the  dentist,  that  will  enable  him  to  perform  operations  with 
great  facility.  This,  together  with  upwards  of  twelve  other 
patented  devices,  all  pertaining  directly  to  the  Art  of  Dentistry, 
are  the  inventions  of  Dii.  C.  II.  Land,  of  Detroit,  Michigan. 

The  improvements  contemplate  methods  of  practice  that  aim 
especially  to  preserve,  restore  and  to  save  the  natural  teeth,  provides 
facilities  by  which  dentistry  may  bo  elevated  from  the  barbaric 
methods  of  extraction,  and  made  to  assume  a  position  in  harmony 
with  kindness  and  humanity. 

WHAT  IT  MEANS. 

That  the  long  and  tiresome  operation  of  filling  teeth  with  gold 
may  be  dispensed  with,  not  only  protecting  the  defective  organs  in 
a  much  superior  manner,  but  also  making  them  assume  their 
original  appearance  in  shape,  size  and  color. 

It  means  that  the  setting  of  artificial  crowns  and  fillings  may  be 
established  with  cements  that  are  absolutely  impervious  to  the 
fluids  of  the  mouth,  and  that  they  will  not  only  bo  held  in  position 
with  a  wonderful  tenacity,  but,  in  addition,  the  plastic  metal 
adheres  so  firmly— both  to  the  walls  of  the  cavity  in  the  tooth,  and 
to  the  porcelain  or  gold  section,  or  porcelain  crown— that  it  is 
utterly  impossible  for  moisture  to  work  between,  and  in  case  it  did, 
the  material  is  indestructible  so  far  as  the  secretions  of  the  mouth 
are  concerned. 

UMLUABLE. 

In  this  new  process,  the  union  of  the  amalgam  with  the  glass  or 
porcelain  exerts  an  adhesive  force  of  over  one  hundred  pounds  to 
the  square  inch  of  surface  covered.  This  enables  the  dentist  to 
attach  very  thin  veneers  of  porcelain  to  old  amalgam  fillings;  also 
porcelain  cavity  stoppers  may  be  made  to  fit  the  caviiy  of  a  tooth, 
and  then  amalgamated  in  place  and  held  with  a  wonderful  degree 
of  tenacity.  Artificial  crowns  of  porcelain  may  be  amalgamated  to 
the  roots  of  teeth  without  the  necessity  of  resorting  to  the  use  of 
pins,  posts  or  screws,  the  adhesion  of  the  amalgam  being  muoh 
stronger  than  the  usual  platinum  pins.  In  connection  with  the 
amalgam  no  cements  are  used  ;  it  is  strictly  a  metallic  union,  there- 
fore absolutely  impervious  to  the  action  of  the  fluids  of  the  mouth. 


H 


ii 


-•^mmmiia 


It  mciiiiH  tliiit  tlu!  cxcuhhIvo  uhc  of  the  ordinary  nilver  or  anial- 
giiiri  filliiij^,  which  turn  ho  hlafi<,  miiy  ho  rclugatud  to  tho  thingii  of 

tllO    ])|l8t. 

It  nii-ans  that  thu  uho  of  th<t  ordinary  whitt'  filling  as  a  material 
for  tho  allachnicnt  of  crowns  may  ho  ri'tlnct'il  to  tho  minimum. 

It  moans  tliat  hotli  <'hiUlrcn  and  olhvrH  can  have  their  teeth 
filled  in  a  thorouj;hly  roliuhlo  manner,  with  diirahlc  and  permanent 
fillings,  and  not  have  to  sit  in  a  dental  ohair  for  Hoverftl  hours  with 
their  mouth  tilled  willi  the  disagroeahlo  ruhher  dam,  to  say  nothing 
of  tho  long  and  tedious  malleting  noeessary  to  fill  a  tooth  with  gold. 

It  means  that  this  new  method  reduces  tho  necessity  of  using 
tho  disagroeahlo  ruhher  dam  to  a  few  exceptional  cases. 

It  means  that  all  operations  aro  not  «)nly  more  durable,  but 
most  important,  free  from  pain  or  fatigue  either  to  tho  dentist  or 
his  patient,  and  that  many  operations  horctoforo  not  possible  are 
brought  within  tho  range  of  most  satisfactory  results. 

It  means  that  when  your  teeth  have  been  repeatedly  filled  with 
gold,  and  as  many  times  given  out,  leaving  such  a  small  remnant 
of  tho  crown  that  there  is  no  more  hope  for  tho  usual  methods,  it 
is  then  tho  porcelain  process  comes  to  tho  rescue,  and  provides  an 
opportunity  for  tho  very  best  and  most  perfect  work. 

It  means  that  tho  most  thoroughly  decayed,  irregulav  and 
undeveloped  teeth,  present  conditions  more  favorable  for  complete 
and  artistic  work  than  those  that  are  only  partially  decayed,  and  in 
such  cases  where  but  a  few  scattering  teeth  and  roots  are  remaining, 
by  means  of  tho  porcelain  process  an  entire  restoration  may  be 
provided,  filling  the  intermediate  spaces  by  bridging  from  the 
sound  teeth,  using  tho  latter  as  a  support  on  which  to  fasten  them, 
and  thus  avoid  the  necessity  of  wearing  a  plate  over  the  roof  of 
the  mouth. 

It  places  the  usual  sign,  "  Teeth  Extracted  Without  Pain,"  at  a 
discount,  and  brands  the  man  who  resorts  to  such  methods  as  one 
who  offers  in  return  a  miserable  apology  as  a  substitute.  This 
class  of  men  fail  to  realize  that  it  requires  the  strongest  steel  instru*^ 
ments  and  the  most  powerful  arm  to  wrench  nature's  pegs  from 
thoroughly  established  sockets,  representing  a  retaining  means  of 
hundreds  of  pounds  to  the  square  inch,  and  yet  they  will  persist  Id 
destroying  the  very  best  foundations  as  a  practical  means  of  attach- 


Infif  partial  avtH  of  tevtli,  tliiiH  rf<liioi>  tlic  poiinihle  cliancu  of  wearing 
an  artificial  (Icnttiro  froni  liinulri'ils  of  poiindH  totlio  fochlo  adhnion 
of  tlio  Halivii,  wliicli  iit  bent  U  novur  raoro  than  a  ft-w  oiincux,  ho 
that  n  cough  or  a  mioozo  will  many  tinicH  eject  the  cTitiru  dcnturo 
from  tho  mouth.  Want  of  proper  knowh'(li;e  of  the  metiioil  of 
treating  diHuaMPil  toeth,  and  l.iek  of  Hkill  to  mal<e  tiiu  attachnienta 
on  tho  remaining  teeth,  poverty  and  ignorance,  create  the  demand 
for  tho  man  who  will  prefer  to  destroy  the  human  face  divine,  and 
then  give  in  return  a  chromo  xvi  of  ready-made  teeth  for  tho 
munificent  Hiim  of  $5.00. 

To  thoHo  who  will  become  interested  a  nearching  investigation 
is  invited,  and  every  opportunity  will  bo  given.  Tho  i)roceHM  will 
1)0  carefully  and  with  pleasure  explained,  tho  most  reliable  references 
furnished  by  prominent  citizens  of  Detroit,  an<l  also  members  of 
tho  dental  profession,  and  operations  that  were  performed  between 
£ve  and  six  years  ago  will  bo  shown. 


at  s 


Glass,  Porcelain  and  Gold  Inlay  System.  ^ 

.    ,^.'  .       Patented  DocemlxT  20th,  If*?.— No.  STS.in?. 

,  '  PateDted  June  S3rd,  ISDl.-No.  464,600. 

'  Fig.  1  and  8— Cav- 

ity in  tooth. 

Fig.  2  and  9— Met- 
al matrix  or  impres- 
hion. 

Fig.  3  and  10 — Side 
view  of  tho  matrix  or 
mould. 

Fig.  4 — Ser/ion  or 
P/m// completed. 

Fig.  6  and  11 — Sec- 
tions or  stopper  ce- 
mented or  amalgama- 
ted in  tho  cavity. 

Fig.  0  and  V — Mod- 
ifications of  tlio  work; 
a         V  also  see   illustrations 

^^\\\     A.andB. 


T 


I;,; 


i&jK<aftm)rfcFg*^'^^^*'^g^^»^&i^*fe?M^^  "iv 


PORCELAIN  RESTORATIONS. 


Patented  Dec.  'iOih,  IHSr.-No.  375,167. 
Patented  May  iJlst,  1889.-No.  403,597. 


Bbfobb  Restoration. 


After  RESTOBAiioiJ. 


BbFOBB  RB8T0BA.TI0N. 


After  Rbstobatiok. 


St  mtetf 


Modifications. 


Modifications. 


'i         ,i5' 


rB^M'Vj-'t^kVJ^atHllMWwmiii 


) 


Before  Restoration.  After  Restoration. 

^\o  pulps  destroyed. 


Before  Restoration. 
2To  pulpa  diatroyed. 


After  Restoration. 


.^. 


aeumm^im/m^iimi**  matM^, 


i*(aJ-' 


Porcelain  Restorations  Established  with  Amalgam. 


Patented  July  89,  1890.    No.  4Si,rn. 


Fig.  1 — Shows  cavity  suitable  to  fill  with  amalgam. 

Fig.  2 — Platinum  matrix. 

Fig.  3 — Cap  for  platinum  matrix  which  forms  countersink  as 
shown  in  5;  to  this  approximal  surface  gold  paint  is  burned;  to 
this  gold  coat  amalgam  will  adhere,  and  when  allowed  to  harden, 
will  hold  the  tooth  crown  No.  0  firmly  in  place  ;  and  all  of  the  fol- 
lowing modifications  may  bo  securely  attached  to  the  cavities  in 
teeth  in  a  thoroughly  durable  and  reliable  manner. 


®CD 


^^•5? 


..•«j^n«a^ 


10 


PORCELAIN  RESTORATIONS. 


Patented  July  10,  1888.    No.  385,71& 


tl     5(1     e/j     7^ 


s 


n 


ililll 


'"3 


S.UW'^ 


Fig.  1  represents  classes  of   defective  teeth  suitable  to  be  re- 
Btored  by  means  of  the  metallic  enamel  jackets.     Fig.  from  2  to  10 
illustrates  progressives  stages  of  the  work.     Fig.  1 1  teeth  as  they 
..;   appear  when  completed.     No  pufps  destroyed. 

The  following  engravings  show  various  modifications  of  porce- 
lain restorations. 


Bkfobk  Complbtion. 


Aftbr  Completion. 


.,»seji«*«44i«a«*wfc6«wssife»»'» 


•--T-  r^  .-4«.-<-W<'iM.*''t  ■•''^ 


11 


«c«»fl 


12        3  4 


£  1 


®II)*^ 


InlavB  of  glass  or  porcelain,  as  shown  at  C  and  D,  should 
be  cemented  in  the  cavity  with  a  ceroant  formed  of  Cellulose, 
or  if  other  cements  are  used,  the  joint  at  the  anterior  surface 
should  be  filled  with  a  translucent  cement. 


19 


I  S  1 


D,  should 

Cellulose, 

)r  surface 


Restoration  in  Porcelain  on  Gold  Foundations. 


Patented  June  11th,  1889.— No.  405,167. 
rat«nted  April   9th,  1889. -No.  400,981. 


c  o  "r 


Fig.  1 — IllustraU'S  gold  posts  anchored  in  cavity  by  raalleting 
gold  foil  about  them,  and  covering  tlie  surface  of  cavity  in  same 
manner.  Fig,  2 — Platinum  matrix  to  fit  over  gold  posts.  Fig.  3 — 
Side  view.  Fig.  4 — Porcelain  fused  to  matrix.  Fig.  6 — Com- 
pleted section  cemented  in  cavity  or  amalgamated  to  place. 


Fig.  16,  17,  18,  19  and  20 — Modifications  of  same  class  of  work. 
See  also  bicuspid— Fig.  1,  2,  3,  4;  and  incisor— Fig.  1,  2,  3,  4. 


t^     ^ 


^mmsmmrnvMisimtSii..  «s*ms^'»*k«w«»»'--'"«'* 


'rM:-Miicm,«ir*at^:i^-^  t/^^4^>M3V~ 


18 
Effect  of  Carbon  on  Porcelain  During  Fusion. 

During  the  process  of  combustion  in  furnaces,  whether  the 
fuel  is  anthracite,  coiie  or  gas,  carbon  cither  in  the  form  of  decom- 
posed hydrocarbon  or  smoke  or  carbonic  oxide,  may  be  present  in 
varying   proportions    according   to   the   amount    of    air    passine; 
through  the  combustion  chamber,  and   in  one  or  both   forms  is 
extremely  liable  to  penetrate  to  the  interior  of  the  muffle,  here  to 
combine  with  the  oxygen  contained  in  the    porcelain   to   form   co 
bubbles,  thus  the  body  and  coloring  matter  becomes  deoxydized, 
making  the  mass  porous  and  unfit  for  the  purposes  designed.     In 
coal  or  coke  fires  the  injurious  elements  are  in  excess  of  the   air 
supply  during  the  first  stages  of  combustion,  when  porcelain  ware 
should  not  be  passed  into  the  muffle  until  the  mass  of  fuel  has  so 
far  advanced  into  the  higher  stages  of  combustion  as  to  liberate  all 
of  the  hydrogen  and  carbonic  oxide;  this  will  be  indicated  when 
the  whole  body  is  at  a  glowing  heat.     Then  there  is  little  left  but 
highly  heated  pure  carbon  for  the  oxygen  of  the  air  to  combine 
with,  therefore  the  muffle  is  not  likely  to  contain  injurious  gases. 
It  will   also  be  observed  that  the  natural  draught  of  the  chimney 
will  have  a  tendency  to  exhaust  a  certain   percentage  of  air  into 
the  muffle,  so  that  if  a  small  amount  of  gas  should  in  some  way 
penetrate  the  interior  the  oxygen  would  convert  it  into  a  harmless 
product.     From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  it  is  important  not  to  close 
the  mouth  of  the  muffle  too  tight,  but  rjither  leave  a  perceptible 
space  between  the  stopper  and  the  sides  of  the  muffle  for  the  free 
passage  of  air.     Careful  attention  to  the   facts  here  given   where 
coal  or  coke  is  the  fuel  will  always  insure  reliable  results. 

Gas  or  the  Vapor  of  Gasoline  for  Fuel. 

When  we  adopt  the  gaseous  form  of  fuel,  although  we  have 
the  same  chemical  elements  to  deal  with,  the  order  of  things  in 
some  respects  is  reversed.  In  coal  or  coke  fires  the  air  is  exhausted 
into  the  furnace  by  the  draught  of  the  chimney ;  on  the  contrary, 
gas  furnaces  require  a  force  blast.  This  causes  a  pressure  in  every 
direction,  hence  the  products  of  combustion  are  carried  into  the 
muffle  in  large  quantities,  especially  through  cracks,  that  are  sure 
to  come  even  where  the  best  known  fire  clay  is  used,  and  unless 


I 


I 


14 


I 


I 


some  practical  means  is  devised  to  overcome  this  evil  reliable  work 
cannot  be  done  in  gas  furnaces. 

By  placing  porcelain  in  the  interior  of  a  gas  furnace,  where  it 
is  brought  in  direct  contact  with  the  flame,  the  effects  >f  the  carbon 
may  be  thoroughly  demonstrated,  showing  each  degree  in  the 
variation  of  color  according  to  the  amount  of  air  mixed  with  the 
gas  during  the  progress  of  combustion,  If  the  gas  is  in  excess  the 
porcelain  will  take  up  enough  carbon  to  appear  almost  black  and 
will  manifest  a  difference  in  proportion  as  the  air  is  increased,  until 
it  becomes  in  excess  of  the  gas  supply  when  traces  of  the  effects 
of  carbon  will  disappear.  Theoretically  an  excess  of  air  forced 
into  the  combustion  chamber  will  cause  perfect  combustion,  so  that 
a  piece  of  porcelain  may  be  fused  in  what  has  been  nominated  the 
open  flame  (in  reality  the  inclosed  chamber  of  a  gas  furnace)  and 
be  a  comparatively  good  result.  But  such  methods  are  crude,  the 
porcelain  being  exposed  to  the  action  of  other  foreign  bodies  liable 
to  be  present  in  manufactured  gas,  also  small  particles  of  flrebrick, 
etc.,  are  apt  to  be  blown  into  the  enamel  by  the  strong  blast  to 
furnish  the  necessary  air.  I  have  thoroughly  tested  furnaces  of 
this  description  and  found  them  to  be  unsatisfactory. 

The  systematic  and  comfortable  handling  of  porcelain  den- 
tures demands  the  muffle  furnace,  for  it  enables  one  to  keep  the 
denture  constantly  in  view  to  readily  move  the  piece  back  or  for- 
ward, turn  them  about  and  to  let  them  rest  m  front  of  the  muffle 
to  dry  out  the  moisture  and  then  to  advance  them  gradually  into 
the  interior.  At  the  Same  time  the  muffle  may  be  held  at  the 
enameling  heat;  this  enables  the  dentist  to  pass  the  piece  in  and 
out  of  the  mufl[le  within  a  very  short  time.  The  heat 
being  constant  will  guarantee  uniform  results.  Other  important 
features  consist  in  the  ready  adjustment  of  new  muffles  when  the 
old  ones  become  destroyed. 

In  providing  furnaces  for  dental  operations  it  has  been  my 
especial  aim  to  make  them  suitable  for  any  of  the  available  fuels, 
such  as  coal  gas,  gasoline,  or  natural  gas.  Also  to  be  reliable  in 
case  the  fuel  did  contain  injurious  products.  How  well  this  has 
been  done  must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated.  ^ 


wirwiiiii'iiiiillftiifilii  iiiti'-f-^'- 


utH.;.-fiiiai<*a«iaii»iiiiii«ti»i'' 


IT) 


PKRUOR  CABINET 

FOR 

CONTINUOUS  GUM  WORK  and  PORCELAIN  RESTORATION 


OF  THE 


Deri  tell  OroaiiB. 


PATENT  APPUEDIFOR. 


lATlON 


Si 


i 


10 

Mthough  upwards  of  40  years  have  elap«ed  Mnce  Dr.  John 
Allen  first  brought  to  the  notice  of  the  Dental  Profession  his  most 
perfect  metho<l  of  making  artificial  dentures,  but  comparatively 
few  have  followed  the  art,  and  while  hundreds  have  sung  it. 
praises  and  essayed  to  practice  it,  the  majority  have  for  obv.ous 
reasons  abandoned  the  enterprise;  evidently  the  crude  and  awk- 
ward  furnaces  have  been  the  serious  obstacle. 

The  old  method  of  using  coal  or  coke,  with  their  disagreeable 
heat,  dirt,  ashes,  etc.,  also  their  varying  results  are  undoubtedly 
the   pri..cipal  causes  of  the  delay  in  advancing  the  most  beautiful 
products  of  Dentistry.     But  a  new  era  has  dawned,  and  by  means 
of  greatly  improved  facilities  it  becomes  practical  to  procure  any 
desired  form  of  porcelain  moulded  to  conform  to  the  dental  organs 
and  do  this  in  your  parlor  or  operating  room.      By  reference  to 
the  engraving  F  may  be  seen  the  general  appearance  of  a  cabinet 
beautifully  finished  in  antique  oak,  oxidi/ed  metallic  hinges  and 
doors  ornamented  with  mirrors  1,  2,  3,  4,  the  v,*hole  forming  an 
attractive  and  elegant  piece  of  lurniture.      In  the  illustration  E 
the  cabinet  is  shown  with  the  doors  thrown  open,  exposing  the 
belt  and  shafting  fig.  7,  fig.  5,  vulcanizer;  fig.  6,  electric  motor; 
fig.  13,  oak  doors,  figs.  10  and  11   metallic  inside  doors  forming 
front  of  galvanized  iron  oven  having  intermediate  air  space   to 
prevent  the  heat  from  injuring  the  wood  work.     Figs.  1  and  Z  are 
tempering  ovens  for  teeth.     Fig.  3,  door  exposing  front  of  muffle 
in   large   or   continuous  gum  furnace.     Fig.  4,  small  or  medium 
furnace  for  porcelain  ciowns  and  bridge  work.     Fig.  9,  ventdat- 
ing  pipe  to  carry  off  fumes  and  odors  from  furnace.      Fig.  8,  ven- 
tilating pipe  to  dispose  of  the  odors  from  vulcanizing,  blow-p.pe 
work  melting  of  zinc,  lead,  etc.      The  cabinet  is  8  feet  high,  6^ 
feet  wide,  28  inches  deep. 

With  such  conveniences  the  operative  dentist  may  stand  beside 
his  chair  and  superintend  the  baking  of  teeth,  thus  economizing 
his  valuable  time  to  the  utmost  advantage.  No  dirt,  no  odor,  no 
unpleasant  heat,  and  yet  has  at  his  command  with  no  more  trouble 
than  to  turn  on  the  electric  current,  or  a  gas  motor  will  do  and  he 
may  have  a  muffle  8  inches  long,  ZY,  inches  wide,  3  inches  high 
heated  to  over  3000«  F.  inl5  minutes. 


Ill 


A^  tlifs.'  f.inuii-cs  ;ii.-  piuvi.l.Ml    with   .Intihl.-    luum.-   irn|.invf- 

...eill>.  th.-    .l-Mllt>   ;.!.•   Miprlini    If.Un.U    I  ,.•  I  ft  of .  .|  r    |.|M.|u.f.l   111    MIIV 

of  tlic-"n!,l  UKiK.-snf  .il lu'i  o .,,1 ,  o.k,'  «i  u'iiN  i"  fa.'  I'HIri  tlKlll 
sen.  l.i'fnu.,  thr  o.l.M.  hi-iiiu  ii'iiiaiUal.ly  l.iinlit  .iiiM  lI.-ii,  c\ fiv 
st.,..e  Ml  ilu-  vvuik  IS  iuo.n.i)iislH-.l  Nviili  miciriii«  pii-fisiuii. 


IMPORTANT    K)  MI;>MM;K5  OI    THI:   l»k(H  HS.SION. 

If  \,,ii  wi-li  In  l.c  in  tlu>  advaiK-f  ^Mianl  -ciiiii-  tin-  mipvovc- 
iiK'iU-iK'c-i'ss.iiv  to  uKiiut.tiu  Ilu'  lii-,'lH--t  p-isition  in  the  art.  To  all 
tlv.si'  wiv.  will  tiiNt  i-st  iMish  otllci's  m  the  various  lar>rc-  cities  with 
tlif  ni.mv  pateimMi  ,U'n  iros  liere  offerol,  an  unusual  opportunity  is 
presiMitcl  in  x\  hicli  to  take  the  lead  in  any  coiuniunity  as  all  who 
are  without  smh  a.l\anta<ies  will  he  seviousiy    hamlieappcd. 

ro  thuat  who  i-ume  'irst  the  best  ttrms  will  be  nuule.  Aildrtss. 

C.  H.  l.AM»,  J71  Woodward  Ave.,  Detroit.  Mich. 


)l  (iVf 
III    .IIIV 

th.iM 


>^ 


^j 


lupvov  c- 
T.>  all 
ii's  with 
imily  is 
all  who 
1. 


>lt,  MIcb. 


18 


The  Bi-Muflle  Gas  Furnace 

FOR  CONTINUOUS  CUM  WORK. 

Patented  February  24, 1891. 


flues  tor  the  same  current  of  air  to  pass  out 
inches  high,  )ili  inches  wide,  8  inches  long. 

Price  of  this  size 

Bellows  for  foot  power 

Blower  for  motor 

Air  cushion  for  same 


This  furnace  is  arranged 
in  the  same  manner  as  the 
smaller    size,  except  in  the 
form  of  burner,  there  being 
a  battery   of    four,  as   indi- 
cated by     Nos.  1,  2,   ;{,  4. 
In  operating  the  rear  burn- 
ers are  so  regulated  to  pro- 
duce   less    heat    than   those 
forward    by    turning    on    a 
small    (luantity    of     gas    in 
order   to   throw   the  maxi- 
mum heat  to  the  front  end 
of    the    mume.     V'ig.  C    is 
the  connecting  tube  for  gas 
supply  and  the  rear  tube  is 
for  the  air.     Fig.  5  indicates 
stop  cock  to  supply  air  that 
passes  between  the  muffles. 
Figs.   8,   *.),    10   are  escape 
Size  of   muftle  2% 


....  $  100  00 

T  00 

40  00 

10  00 

3  00 

^'^^'""S 12500 

Motor 

I  285  00 


10 
THE  BI-MUFFLE  FURNACE,  HEDIUH  SIZE. 

Fijj.  1,  stop  cock 
to  regulate  current 
of  iiir  passing  be- 
tween the  muffles. 
Fig.  2,  air  cock  for 
blow-pipe.  Fig.  3» 
Gas  cock  for  blow- 
pipe. Fig.  4,  gas 
cock  for  furnace 
burner.  Fig.  5, 
connections  from 
bellows. 

It  is  with  a  great 
degree  of  pleasure 
and  sHtisf  action  that 
I  am  enabled  to  an- 
nounce to  the  Den- 
tal Profession  and 
to  the  chemist  the 

[At  right  8lde  just  beneath  the  base  will  be  connectlcDg         ^Jvent  of  what  may 
for  gas.    See  page  21.1 
be  justly  nominated  the  Ideal  Furnace  for  practical  and  scientific 

work. 

In  from  6  to  15  minutes  the  Dentist  is  enabled  to  fuse  high 
grade  porcelain  with  but  little  exertion  and  secure  a  variety  of 
valuable  results  that  has  not  been  heretofore  available,  such  as  the 
converting  of  any  old  plain  tooth  into  any  desired  shape,  size,, 
color,  etc.,  and  from  block  body  and  veneers  make  his  own  style 
of  tooth  crown,  add  any  style  of  platinum  pins  or  loops  to  suit  the 
individual  case;  make  porcelain  bridges,  sections  of  block  work^ 
moulded  sections  for  filling  teeth,  partial  crowns,  etc.;  change 
plain  teeth  into  gum  teeth,  make  inlays  of  artificial  gum  enamel 
on  the  anterior  surface  of  teeth. 

Blowpipe  and  Crucible  work,  repairing  of  broken  gum 
teeth.  By  the  use  of  Mineral  Paint  change  the  colors  of  plain 
teeth  or  gum,  crowns,  etc. 

The  only  Furnace  that  provides  a  practical  means  of 


20 

thoroughly  overcoming  the  liability  of  gassing,  .nai.itan.s  the 
color  ana  tranvlucency  of  bodies,  and  enamels  even  better  than  coal 

or  coke  fires. 

By  reference  to  the  engraving  a  series  of  stop  cocks  will  be 
seen  both  to  the  right  and  left  and  one  at  the  rear.  They  are  in- 
tended to  supply  any  desired  (luantity  of  gas  and  air,  and  to  mhn.t 
pre-determined  volume  of  gases  and  vapors,  either  in  ccmh.nation 
with  one  another  or  separate,  and  in  any  desireil  proportion, either 
into  combustion  chamber  or  into  mufilc.  Then  when  it  is  desir- 
able to  effect  the  rapid  oxidation  of  any  substance,  a  current  of 
oxygen  may  be  passed  into  the  muffle;  or  when  it  is  important  to 
prevent  oxidation  a  current  of  reducing  gases  is  injected  into  the 
muffle  to  produce  any  desired  chemical  effect  on  substances  placed 

therein. 

To  the  chemist  it  presents  facilities  whereby  he  may  call  to 
action  the  effects  of  heat  of  any  desired  temperature  covering  the 
whole  range  of  analytical  work,  conveniently  submitting  the  sub- 
stance operated  on  to  the  action  of  various  gases  and  vapors  with 
a  degree  of  precision  not  heretofore  attainable. 

The  operation  being  reduced  to  such  a  miniature  scale,  it  be- 
comes very  easy  to  operate  it  by  foot  or  hand  power,  as  the  small- 
est  motor  will'  give  abundant  air  supply,  and  thus  make  it  auto- 
matic at  a  trifling  expense  as  compared  with  the  same  advantage 
heretofore  possible  to  obtain. 

Either  gas  or  vapor  of  gasoline  will  yield  equally  good  results. 
Two  gallons  of  gasoline  will  give  four  days'  service. 

From  S.OOO*"  to  4,000''  of  heat  may  be  obtained  in  from  six  to 
ten  minutes  heating  a  muffle  4  inches  long  by  H^  inches  in  diam- 
eter. 

PRICE         -         -         "         '         $35.00 


21 


DlReCTIONS. 


The  engraving  A  represents  a  furnace  provided  with  a  double 
muffle.  See  fig.  8,  and  sectional  view  B  illustrating  air  current 
C  C  C  passing  between  the  interior  and  exterior  muffle.  Refer- 
ring to  the  engraving  A  the  stop  cock  fig.  2  regulates  the  amount 
of  air  which  is  conducted  through  the  adjustable  support  fig.  7,  and 
between  the  muffles  as.  shown  in  the  engraving  B.  Fig.  No.  1  in 
the  engraving  A  is  the  place  to  connect  rubber  tubing  from  the 
bellows.  Fig.  4  is  for  gas  supply;  9  stop  cock  to  regulate  quan- 
tity of  gas  flowing  into  the  furnace;  5  gas  for  blow-pipe  connec- 
tions; 3  air  supply  for  blow-pipe  connections,  The  space  between 
the  muffles  should  be  partially  packed  with  asbestos  fibre  at  the 
front  end  of  the  muffles,  leaving  the  small  hole  just  under  fig.  8  as 
an  escape  flue  for  the  injected  air  to  escape,  and  when  the  furnace 
IS  in  operation  the  quantity  of  air  escaping  at  this  point  will  indi- 
cate the  proportion  required  by  placing  a  small  piece  of  wood  in 
front  of  the  hole  when  the  superheated  oxygen  in  the  air  will  rap- 
idly consume  the  wood.  A  small  amount  of  air  is  all  that  is  neces- 
sary to  pass  between  the  muffles.     This  not  only  consumes  any 


foul  gases,  but  passes  the  residue  out  at  the  small  hole  just  below 
fig.  8,  and  keeps  all  injurious  gases  from  the  interior  muflle. 

THE  USE  OF  GASOLINE. 

A  convenient  way  in  which  to  use  Riisolini'  is  to  pass  a  current  of  air 
through  thp  gpncriitor.  This  jiiv.s  a  ricJi  hydro  carbon,  and  is  If  ss  liable  to 
gas  the  teeth  than  when  coal  gas  is  us.'d.  When  gasoline  is  used  a  current 
of  air  from  the  bellows  must  be  passed  through  thn  generator;  this  carries 
the  vapor  into  the  combustion  cliamber,  mixed  with  the  proper  (luantity  of 
air.  The  generator  should  not  be  more  than  half  tilled  with  gasoline;  if 
filled  too  full  the  lluid  will  l)e  forced  up  the  pii)e  and  is  liable  to  overflow 
and  ignite  outside  the  furnace.  After  passing  a  current  of  air  throueli  the 
generator  for  some  time,  a  heavy  residue  will  accumulate;  this  should  be 
thrown  out,  as  it  will  not  vaporize. 

The  engraving  15  indicates  tlie  manner  of  malting  the  connections  for 
the  use  of  gasoline;  here  the  furnace  is  shown  standing  on  its  end,  so  that 
all  the  connections  may  be  better  understood. 


Seventy-four  gasoline  may  be  used  with  as  perfect  results  as  any  other 
hydrocarbon;  and  with  the  ordinary  foot  bellows,  as  manufactured  by  the 
Buffalo  Dental  Manufacturing  Co.,  I  can  bake  a  set  of  continuous  gum-work 
in  fifteen  minutes,  starting  from  a  cold  muflle.  All  kinds  of  crucible  work 
and  soldering  with  the  blow-pipe  can  be  done  equally  well  as  with  city  gas. 
One  gallon  of  gasoline,  costing  15  cents,  will  bake  a  set  of  teeth.  There- 
fore, dentists  living  In  localities  where  there  is  no  gas  can  secure  equal  ad- 
vantages In  the  use  of  74  gasoline.  . 


F»rice  of  Generator, 


»12.00 


23 

TO  REPAIR  CRACK5  IN  THE  MUFFLE. 

Take  pure  nHbt-stos  fibre  in  an  old  mullle,  lieat  it  up  Id  about  the  same 
lieat  as  it  would  take  to  melt  gold,  say  2,200"  P.,  tiien  mix,  lirmd  to  a  pow- 
der in  a  mortar,  and  mix  with  two-thinla  more  of  powdered  fire  clity,  make 
into  a  paste  l)y  the  addition  of  water,  can-fuily  work  tliis  paste  into  the 
cracks  in  the  mullle  and  let  it  dry  by  a  gradual  heat. 


VALUABLE  ADVICE. 

Do  not  imagine  that  a  blacksmith's  bellows  will  answer  the  purpose  of 
an  air  supply  for  the  furnace  ;  while  it  may  have  plenty  of  volume,  it  lacks 
the  pressure.  Nor  will  hydrostulic  apparatus  do;  it  may  furnish  the  pres- 
sure, but  lacks  the  volume. 

If  tlie  gns  meter  is  more  than  thirty  feet  from  the  furnace,  and  the  sup- 
ply of  gas  not  enough  to  give  a  rich  and  full  volume,  it  will  l)e  due  to  want 
of  pressure  at  the  works,  or  to  the  small  size  of  the  pipes  at  the  point  of 
delivery.  When  there  is  not  enough  gas  the  first  step  will  be  to  have  the 
pipes  replaced  with  a  three  quarter-inch  main  from  the  meter  close  up  to 
the  furnace. 


IMPORTANT. 

The  rul)ber  tubing  connecting  with  the  bellows  and  the  furnace  should 
be  as  short  as  possible.  The  lonirer  the  pipe  the  greater  friction  there  is  to 
overcome,  and  strain  on  the  bellows.  Also  the  increased  work  of  the  oper- 
ator will  l>e  materially  affected.  Even  one  foot  of  extra  pipe  will  make  a 
decided  difference,  not  only  with  the  extra  exertion  of  the  operator,  but  the 
lack  of  a  strong  jet  of  air  into  the  burner  will  retard  combustion,  thus  inter- 
fering with  the  successful  operating  of  the  furnace. 


NECESSARY  MATERIAL  FOR  PRACTICING  THE  ART. 

For  preparing  sections  for  filiings.Platinum  Foil  equal  to  No.  60,gold  leaf, 
is  the  proper  thickness,  and  for  large  cavities  No.  50  or  55  is  recommended. 
For  making  the  telescopes  for  crown  work  use  Nos.  28  to  32  Plate.  All 
should  be  well  annealed  by  heating  with  the  blow-pipe  to  a  white  heat. 

Where  the  lower  front  teeth  are  to  be  crowned  an  alloy  of  Platinum  and 
Iridium  is  used.  This  is  much  stiffer  and  can  be  rolled  to  No.  35  Plate. 
Where  it  \i  desirable  to  take  up  less  Foom  between  the  roots  of  the  teeth 
this  is  recommended. 

There  are  now  five  standard  shades  of  bodies  or  enamels,  put  up  in  one 
ounce  packages;  and  liy  mixing  tliese  in  various  proportions  a  great  variety 
of  tints  may  be  had.  Also  a  great  variety  of  prepared  veneers,  representing 
the  anterior  surface  of  each  class  and  size  ol  teeth,  are  put  up  in  packages 
of  100,  assorted  incisors  or  molars  and  bicuspids,  or  cuspids. 


94 


ft  "MiW "  Wiiieil  Gas  Blast  fimce  ni  Bloi-Pipe. 


Fig  0  is  connections  for  rubber  hose  from  the  be  ws.  Fig.  1,  stop 
.coclc  to  turn  .m  gas.    Fig.  2,  gas  for  blow-pipe.     Fig.  4,  air  for  blowpipe. 

The  illustration  accompanying  this  article  represents  one  of  the  most 
T«pid  heaters  designed  especially  for  porcelain  crowns  and  fillings,  Includ- 
ing small  sections  for  porcelain  bridges.  The  object  sought  in  this  improve- 
ment is  to  secure  in  the  least  possible  space  and  with  the  least  expenditure 
of  time,  the  highest  effect,  and  with  no  greater  expenditure  of  power  than 
ds  required  to  answer  for  the  successful  operating  of  muffle  work,  crucible 

work  and  blow-pipe. 

The  entire  apparatus,  including  blow-pipe,  bellows  stand  and  furnace 

4069  not  occupy  more  than  ten  Inches  of  space  and  can  be  conveniently  car 

rled  in  a  small  hand  satchel.     Contains  platlna  muffle  3  Inches  long,  Ik 

inches  wide,  1  inch  high. 

F»ric3  of  this  Karnace,         -        -        $30.00 
Price  of  Muffle  froi-n    -    SlO  OO  to  SSO.OO 

According  to  weight  of  platina. 


.jsair 


25 


Detroit  Post-Graduate  School  of  Dental  Art 


At  the  iirgfint  reciuest  of  a  utimber  of  my  professionnl  friends,  I  have 
hoen  Indiurt'd  to  establish  a  school  and  l»llrniary  suitable  to  impart  instruc- 
tions in  tlie  various  nietliods,  including  ••«»'  of  wlilch  I  am  the  author  and 
inventor,  and  also  other  improvements  which  are  adopted  by  the  progressive 
men  of  the  jirofession. 

The  facilities  that  liave  been  concentrated  into  tiiis  Dental  Office,  In- 
flrmiiry  and  Scliool,  are  exceptionally  complete. 

Tlie  course  of  Instruction  consists  iu  methods  of  making  continuous, 
gum  on  platina  base,  continuous  gum  on  platinized  silver  base,  continuous 
gum  on  cast  metal  base  and  on  rubber. 

PARTIAL  DENTURES. 

Continuous  gum  sections  on  gold,  on  platinized  silver  and  on  rubber. 

PORCELAIN  SECTIONS. 

Inlays  of  glass,  inlays  of  porcelain,  inlays  of  gold,  inlays  of  alloys  of 
other  metals,  all  moulded  iu  a  metal  foil  matrix  and  then  amalgamated  or 
cemented  into  the  cavity  of  a  tooth. 

Qold  coated  porcelain  sections  for  amalgamating  into  the  teeth. 

Gold  coated  crowns  to  be  amalgamated  to  the  roots  of  teeth  by  meana 
of  adhesive  amalgam. 

GAS  FURNACES. 

Four  different  forms  and  several  styles.  Seven  years  constant  and.'daily 
experience  with  gas  furnac  s  have  brought  out  all  teehnicalities  and  mad» 
the  fusing  of  porcelain  by  means  of  gas  or  gasoline,  far  more  perfect  thaa 
possible  with  coal  or  coke.  The  liability  of  gassing  porcelain  has  beea 
completely  overcome  by  improved  apparatus. 

INSTRUCTIONS. 

Dentists  may  take  instructions  and  will  not  be  required  to  purchase  a 
furnace  or  office  right  unless  they  wish  to  make  use  of  those  parts  that  ar* 
covered  by  patents. 

One  Month'a  Course  of  Instructions  in  all  Branches         •        ^60 
One  Week's  Course $20 

A  thorough  investigation  is  invited,  for  which  no  charges  will  be  made. 
Address  all  communications  to 

C.  H.  L-KMD. 

an  Woocl-warcl  A.ve. 
DETROIT.  MIOH. 


■»,  *-.■ 


5       ,,. 


GAS  FHRNAGE  FAIUaRES. 


■..     ;)► 


:•.,■.;-,   -A;,/,. 


F7m^,pward8  of  fifteen  years  there  has  been  a  constant  effort 
on  the  part  of  hundretls  ..f   members  of  the   profession   to 
produce  a  convenient  and  reliable  k^'s  f">nace,  and   the   general 
result  is  marked  by  almost  as  many  wrecks      One  of  the  princ.ple 
causes  of  such,  is  the  error  of  expecting  the  large  furnace  to  be 
used  for  all  kinds  of  porcelain  dentures  from  a  small  filling  to  a  full 
set  of  teeth,  and  then  want  the   machine  operated  with   no   more 
trouble  than  the  handling  of  a  blow-pipe.     Experience  will  prove 
the  necessity  of  having  at  least  from  two  to  three  types  of  furnaces 
in  the  laboratory,  each  constructed  for  a  special  line  of  work,  one 
for  continuous  gum  work,  one  for  crown  and  bridge  work,  rilhngs, 
etc      To  expect  to  use  a  continuous  gum   furnace  every  day   for 
crowns  and  fillings  and  then  once  a  month    for   full   sets  of  teeth, 
would  be  like  running  a  Pullman  car  to  accommodate  one  passenger. 
Practically  the  loss  of  extra  time  and  the  wearing  out  of  more 
expensive  muffles,  the  use  of  a  larger  quantity  of  gas,  etc.,  would 
be  equivalent  to  purchasing  an  expensive  plant  annually.     Another 
equally  serious  mistake  is  the  use  of  very  small  furnaces  contam- 
ing  platinum  muffle.,  they  should  be  characterized  more  as  a  toy, 

paying  from  $25  to  $30  for  apparatus  too  small  to  be  of  any  real 
value  to  the  dentist.  Therefore,  before  purchasing,  thoroughly 
investigate  all  sides  of  the  art,  and  see  if.  in  the  long  run,  that 
which  may  appear  the  most  expensive  at  first  will  not  be  the 
cheapest  in  the  end.  Those  that  run  automatically  may  be  the 
most  expensive  in  the  first  instance,  but  in  the  saving  of  time  alone 
will  soon  return  the  cost  of  the  most  elaborate  plant. 


*-'->'"ji'S:  tj^  V  v'i^.-x-;. '  \\^^ ■■■*^ I  ■■**"*'  *^ -^'  ■ 


■* 


World'8  C<>1*^^*^*"^ 
Exposition. 


^         * 

* 


Weexpect  to  have  oil  these  furnacee  in  operation  in  the 
Manufacturers  and  Liberal  Arts  Building,  north  end  of  the 
gallery,  Alec  to  organize  a  clasB  for  inbtructione  in  Chicago 
about  June  let.  Send  in  your  name  at  once  if  you  wish  to  take 
a  course,     Termsj  $10  per  week, 

AddresSj 

C.  H.  LAND, 
271  Woodward  Avenue,  Detroit,  nichlgan. 


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